William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet - 1072 Words

What is love? Everywhere we go we can find love. It surrounds us everywhere. Thousands of stories going back centuries about love and falling in love at first sight. Romeo and Juliet is a very popular story. A girl and boy lived in the city of Verona in Italy two noble families, the Montagues and Capulets. Unfortunately, there existed much bad blood between them. Their animosity was so pronounced that they could not stand the sight of one another. The bloody feuds of the two families led the Prince to order all brawls to cease on pain of death. Romeo, son of old Montague, is a handsome young man. He fancies he is in love with Rosaline, who disdains his love. As a result, Romeo is depressed. At the ball, Romeo is attracted by a girl who he learns is Juliet, daughter of the Capulets. They seal their love with a kiss. Juliet, on learning Romeo’s identity from a servant, confesses to herself that her only love has sprung from her only hate. The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem fr om ancient Mesopotamia. Dating from the Third Dynasty of Ur, it is often regarded as the first great work of literature. The literary history of Gilgamesh begins with five Sumerian poems about Bilgamesh , king of Uruk. These independent stories were later used as source material for a combined epic. The first surviving version of this combined epic, known as the Old Babylonian version, dates to the 18th century BC and is titled after its incipit, ShÃ… «tur eli sharrÄ «. Only a few tablets of it haveShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |  6 PagesLizzy Baginski English Composition 2 Mr. Spera March 10, 2015 Romeo and Juliet Research Paper The movie Romeo and Juliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry fromRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet 966 Words   |  4 Pages Beauty Over Gold â€Å"Beauty provoketh thieves sooner than gold.--William Shakespeare, 1623. In his book As You Like It, William Shakespeare pointed out the supremacy of love rather than the want of gold and wealth. Truly, beauty is more important to thieves than wealth. Many of the thieves in this world would rather have an elegant woman than to obtain precious rubies. After all, what good is a prosperous man if he doesn’t have a charming woman? Two famous men grab my attention who didn’t fear forRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet Essay1024 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an ItalianRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1124 Words   |  5 PagesThe play Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about two young star-crossed lovers whose deaths ultimately reconcile their feuding families. It was among Shakespeare s most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed plays. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers. Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. Its plot is based onRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreatly shown in the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. It was love at first sight with Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet. Meeting at a party and falling in love to get married without even spending quality time with each other. Romeo and Juliet couldn t tell there parents because the Capulets and Montagues are long term rivals. Both Romeo and Juliet had to find different ways and excuses to make this marriage work. A big problem was developed. Romeo kills Juliet s cousin and is banishedRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1770 Words   |  8 Pagesof Romeo and Juliet. The story of two destined lovers who were killed by their own doing. But what if they weren t two destined lovers who got unlucky, but doomed partners that were never going to have a good-life to begin with.William Sha kespeare gives us a view of early signs of gang conflict in the early age of Verona, Italy. He gives us a perspective of the norms and customs of Italy during the Setting of William Shakespeare s most famous story. Romeo and Juliet, by William Shakespeare, givesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1616 Words   |  7 Pageslove can also cause some of life s most controversial battles. These battles could stem from lack of patience, disagreement of moral values, and in some cases, an absence of attraction overall. In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, the issues that drive Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet s to each of their dreadful misfortunes are inevitable. When it comes to many of Shakespeare s plays, Aristotle s theory is used to describe them as tragedies. Romeo and Juliet is known by many as a tragedyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1264 Words   |  6 Pagestheater-going public the most important dramatist in English literature, Shakespeare oc cupies a well-known position in the world of talented authors. His canon contains thirty-seven plays, written in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. Additionally, throughout the years, they continue to sustain critical attention, with the majority of his works circling tragedies, one being Romeo and Juliet. William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet speaks to the timeless appeal of star-crossed lovers. Their loveRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy that follows the so-called love of two teenagers. The two fall in love at a masked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1279 Words   |  6 Pagesour lives. The great, classic writers teach timeless, valuable life skills. Shakespeare was the greatest writer of all time. His writings mainly consisted of dramas and sonnets. Romeo and Juliet, as well as, A MIdsummer Night’s Dream were written about the same time period. He was able to inter relate everything that wrote. For example, the tale of Pyramus and Thisbe could possibly be an advertisement for Romeo and Juliet. The basic structure of the two dramas is the same; two forbidden lovers meet

Women and Families of Puritan Society Essay - 613 Words

Woman and family roles are considerably different today than they were back in Puritan times. Puritans thought that the public’s foundation rested on the â€Å"little commonwealth†, and not merely on the individual. The â€Å"little commonwealth† meant that a father’s rule over his family mirrored God’s rule over creation or a king over his subjects. John Winthrop believed that a â€Å"true wife† thought of herself â€Å"in [weakness] to her husband’s authority.† As ludicrous as this idea may appeal to women and others in today’s society, this idea was truly necessary for colonies to be able to thrive and maintain social order. Marriage in Puritan society was more of a contract than a religious sacrament. Daughters were married at a very young age in order†¦show more content†¦Although women did have many responsibilities at home they were limited to these duties, and their status in New England society was not v ery insignificant. During this time women were expected to be seen and not heard. Like many people in society, women were not permitted to vote and had no right to question church policy. Women who tried to receive some power were exiled, like Anne Hutchinson, or in the late 1600s were suspected of witchcraft. To some degree, women in New England did enjoy better legal protections than the women of England. For example, New England women had more of a chance to break off unsuccessful marriages. Nevertheless, they endured the same legal injustices as Englishwomen. Unless a husband agreed to a prenuptial agreement giving her power of land she already possessed, a wife had no property rights separate of her husband. Also, a widow was only allowed 1/3 of her husband’s assets if he died without heirs or instructed so in a will. Even though the position of women may be seen as unfair or unacceptable today it was needed to keep order in Puritan society. The standard of obedience pl aced upon women and others such as Native Americans and Africans permitted some chosen few of the colonies to organize a set of rules and structuralize the colonies so that they maybe able to progress. Without this progress colonies would not have been able to form into the country it is today. Not to mention, because men have held dominantShow MoreRelatedRoles Of The Puritan Society1137 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Puritan Society Puritans were English Protestants who were committed to â€Å"purifying† the Church of England. After being religiously persecuted in England, the Puritans fled to North America to start their new beginning. The Puritans maintained their Protestant beliefs with a patriarchal family. Their family roles differed from other colonists that settled in America. In my paper, I will describe the different roles that were established in the Puritan society. The Puritans society was basedRead MoreThe Success Of Puritan Society859 Words   |  4 PagesThe Success of Puritan Society in New England In my thesis I contend that the Puritan society was successful because they came with family and friends from the same town or homes they originated from. Puritans also distributed lands amongst charters which created a stable economic status for all of the people living in the community. They were also able to befriend any neighboring Native Americans to avoid conflict that can harm or destroy their new successful society. Puritans came to New EnglandRead MorePuritans View Of The Puritan Society1154 Words   |  5 PagesPuritans were a society of people that saw themselves as perfect. As John Winthrop said, â€Å"We must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of the people are upon us† (Roark, 77). He meant that they should be an example for the rest of the world and demonstrate what Sainthood really looks like. Puritans believed that their fate was predestined and only a small minority of people would receive eternal life (Roark 79). Puritans often had small squabbles among themselves because theyRead MorePuritans And The New World Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pagespeople broadcast the Puritans as a group of people who were extremely legalistic and against anything that would be considered fun in the modern world. This incorrect broadcast of the Puritans has led to many misconceptions about how they lived when they came to the New World and settled in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Puritans were not legalistic, but rather sought to please God by creating a society that focused on fulfilling their calling through the institutions of family, work, education,Read MorePuritan Escape from England to the Netherlands Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesThe puritans were a group of settlers that came to America in the 1620’s from the Netherlands. They had previously immigrated from England to the Netherlands to escape their idea of religious intolerance and the form of Protestantism that was practiced. They also believed that England was a place of sin and was damaging their children. The Puritans left the Netherlands for Virginia for the same reasons and to reform the Church of England a little over a decade later. Slowly more and more membersRead MoreWomens Role Of Women In Society1383 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s Role in Society: Puritan Era vs 2017 Self reliance is defined as reliance on one s own powers and resources rather than those of others. Taking place in the Puritan Era, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter tells the story of Hester Prynne and her crime of adultery, and punishment of public shaming. Puritan Society in the novel, and in real life history, is very different than our society today. Women were the property of the men in their lives. Women who sin, whichRead MoreEarly American Literature Vs Modern United States1538 Words   |  7 Pagesboring mostly because it is primarily authored by Anglo-Saxton Puritans. Once the text was read, it started to make more sense to me about the way of puritan life; as well as being more relevant on the views of America. The Puritan way of life was a man’s world. Women had separate roles in Puritan society; women served as secondary subjects their husbands. The roles were limited only to mothering and controlling household functions. Women were o nly able to read scriptures from the bible not publiclyRead More17th century women experiences Essay1436 Words   |  6 PagesThough women were subordinates by both the eye of the church and the government, women found ways to express authority both intentionally and unintentionally. Women began to act independently in patriarchal society. In 17th century Euro-America Puritan society believed that men played a patriarchal role upon women, and that this role was instituted by God and nature. The seniority of men over women lay within both the household and the public sphere. The household, immediate family living in theRead MoreThe Witch Hysteria Of Salem Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pagesneighbors, and everything that goes wrong is attributed to the devil. This is only a small insight into the story of Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. Salem was a Puritan Society. Seventeenth century Puritans had very strict rules and a strong ideology, both religiously, and about the workings of the society. Anyone who violated the beliefs of society was unaccepted, unwelcome, and often feared. This led to over 150 accusations of witchcraft among these people. The witch hysteria in Salem in 1692 was drivenRead MoreGender Roles, Stereotypes, And Expectations Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesGender roles, stereotypes, and expectations found in the Puritan New England community can be examined by using source documents from the Salem Witch Trials which took place in 1692. While the trials themselves are an important part of American history, the glimpse into that time period afforded by these surviving documents is invaluable. Gender roles and religious beliefs play a large role in the hysteria which spread across Puritan New England as it had in Europe for centuries before. Briefly

Learning and its Application for Secondary Data- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLearning and its Application for Secondary Data. Answer: Key things learnt: The key things one can learn are the two types of data collection methods. The first method of gaining information is secondary data. Secondary data refers to the knowledge gained from secondary sources like newspapers, journals and internal sources. However, some secondary data are easily available while others are not. For example, information from newspapers and journals are easily available while data about strategies of companies are confidential and not made available for public viewing. One can also learn that primary data consists of interviews, conversations and surveys. Interviews may be structured, unstructured or semi-structured. The types of questions and timing play significant role in success of interviews and gaining of information. Relation of things leant to workplace: One can relate these secondary and primary sources of information in work places. For example, when companies gain information about laws of a country from official government websites, it is obtaining information from secondary sources of data. Again, interviews of CEOs by media exemplify of gaining information from primary sources. Aid of learning in professional and personal development: This knowledge of data sources can help one in professional and personal development. For example, managers can interview their team members to know about their professional goals which is a primary method of collecting information. They can use this information to modify their leadership styles to lead their departments. Again, they can converse with people in their personal lives to gain information about their perceptions and preferences, thus becoming more sociable and enhancing their sense of belongingness in their personal lives.

1996 A Turbulent Year for Israel Essay Example For Students

1996: A Turbulent Year for Israel Essay 1996 has been a very turbulent year for Israel. This lies in theassassination of Yitzhak Rabin on November 4, 1995. Rabins great work in thepeace process with its Arab neighbors has been nearly reversed by Israelsnewly elected Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, who actively opposed the peaceprocess in the election. Netanyahus term of service has not only affectedIsrael politically but also socially, intellectually, religiously, andeconomically. In dealing with Yasser Arafat and the Palestinians Netanyahu wasoriginally quoted saying that he would only meet with Arafat under specialcircumstances and that, the era of one-sided giving was over. WarrenChristopher, Secretary of State for the U.S., was able to arrange a peaceconference with Arafat on the Gaza border. One article called it a ,Psychological breakthrough (Netanyahu meets with Clinton). The issues at handwere Israel fulfilling its pledge to the Palestinians to redeploy its troopsstationed in the West Bank town of Hebron so that they will only guard the 440Jews who live there, from the tens of thousands of Palestinians. Also at issuewere the exit permits given to Palestinians allowing them to go from there jobsin Israel to there homes in Gaza and the and the West Bank. That leads toanother issue over whether or not a rail link between Gaza and the West Bankshould be formed. The major problem with that would be the cost. In the nextround of Israeli-PLO peace talks, both sides could not reach a compromise andafter four hours talks failed. To complicate matters further 3,000 houses wereapproved to be built in the West Bank by the Israeli government. Peace Nowspokesman, Alon Arnon, called the housing, A final burial of the hope ofpeace. (West Bank Settlement Approved) Netanyahu also ended the month byopening a tunnel to Muslim and Jewish Holy sites that resulted in bloody riotsthat killed 76 people. The month of October cooled down a bit with an ice breaking summit inWashington. Netanyahu returned with a change in attitude calling Arafat aperson whom he could resolve problems with. But aside from his change indemeanor no substantial agreements were made. In November Israel went on high alert in fear of an attack planned todisrupt the peace process, possibly on the one year anniversary of the Jihadsleader Fathi Shakaki. Again the peace effort was thrown back when the Israeligovernment announced plans to double the number of Jewish settlers in the WestBank. At one point Netanyahu asked the U.S. and Germany to help use theirinfluence in Iran and Syria to hold the terrorists at bay. Arafat also grewtired of what he considered to be stalling on the part of the Israeli government. He called for plans already agreed to, to be put in motion. Netanyahu thenmakes a statement that he envisions, A Palestinian entity with broad power,but fell short of declaring full independence. One article called this a signthat Netanyahu was, moving towards the Israeli political center.(NetanyahuMulls Palestine Land) Towards the end of November peace talks tookplace aboutthe redeployment of troops in Hebron. The main issue that stalled the talks wasIsraels insistence on written agreements that Israeli troops could chasePalestinian suspects into the city. In December, peace talks continued and as of now a decision was on theverge of being reached once final details were worked out. On January 1, 1997 aJewish military officer, believed to be mentally disturbed ,walked into aPalestinian market and opened fire. Waving after being arrested he said,Hebron, always and forever.Israel also had some serious problems with its Arab neighboringcountries. In September Israeli forces launched air and ground attacks tocounter Lebanese guerrillas who had ambushed an Israeli patrol. The guerrillasare part of Hezbollah, or party of god. Shortly after the attack Lebanon moved300 commandos to the southern border to, as a Lebanese statement says, copewith any Israeli venture in the region. Both Israel and Lebanon are underinvestigation to find if they had broken any cease-fire agreements. Jackie Robinson was the first baseball player to b EssayEconomically Israel has suffered under Netanyahus hard-line attitude. Some cold facts include: Exports rose only 4 percent(a third of the recent average increase) Tourism is down 10 percent Unemployment rose with Israels high tech industry reporting losses. The GNP spent on the military, currently a 10th is now rising. Netanyahu argued that these problems are inherited but experts citerising Arab-Israeli conflict scaring away foreign investment. Koor Industries,Israels largest industrial company reported their third quarter losses at tenpercent. The cause for the loss CEO, Benjamin Gaon, says is Israels highinterest rates and the shekels rise against the U.S. dollar. Towards the end of December Israel, in an attempt to lower the 300million a month deficit by raising taxes. This, experts claim is a result ofIsraels economic slowdown. Jacob Frenkel, the governor of the bank of Israelsays that the government should try to focus more on reducing the governmentspending(50% of the GNP) than raising taxes. Either way Netanyahu has a toughroad ahead of him to try to keep down inflation and taxes while still trying toreduce Israelis debt. Under Netanyahu Israel has seen rough times in all aspects. Netanyahusslow change towards the political center will better serve Israel, but is itgoing to be in time? Netanyahus continued West Bank Housing projects keepinfuriating the Arab world. In Israels future I see more bloodshed but hopestill exists for the peace that Prime Minister Rabin had hoped for before hisassassination. Politically I see peace on the horizon with Arafat and the PLObut see future conflicts with Syria over the Golan Heights. There will berenewed terrorist attacks with the Israeli pullout from Hebron because politicalextremists will not be settled until they obtain all of what they want. Themiddle east is one of the most volatile regions in the world so no one knows forsure what awaits it. Category: Social Issues

The laws of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland Essay Example

The laws of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland Essay The laws of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland when carrying out research are similar but they do vary. For this reason, as both Masson (2004) and Aldersons (2004) papers refer more to laws passed mainly in England and Wales, these will be the laws I will discuss in detail. It should also be noted that what is legal and ethical in research is being continually reviewed and updated. This essay will examine the statement made by Masson (2004) that everything that is legal is not necessarily ethical by showing that ethical requirements go further than what is legally required. It will discuss specific areas of research such as consent, confidentiality and the responsibility held by researchers towards the children and young people involved in their research. I will use examples from research papers by Thorne (2004), Sutton (2004) and Aldgate and Bradley (2004) to illustrate how what is legal is not always necessarily sufficient to fulfil ethical requirements.One important iss ue to consider before beginning research is consent, which is one area where it is without a doubt that all that is legal is certainly not ethical. In order to conduct research with children and young people, it is a legal requirement to gain signed consent, normally through gatekeepers, such as parents, or educational bodies, which have responsibility for childrens welfare until children or young people are of an age or deemed mature enough to give consent themselves. Whether or not the young person is mature enough is based upon the extent to which the child understands all aspects of the research. In Gillick v W Norfolk and Wisbech AHA (1985) in Masson (2004) a child who demonstrated sufficient understanding was permitted to consent to medical treatment against her parents wishes. One further point to consider is that researchers also need to be aware that legally, a gatekeepers role is to allow access for the research to happen, not to give consent for the children to participat e this must be gained from a parent or legal guardian.There are other issues, which may arise when trying to obtain consent, such as the fact that parental responsibility is not automatically given to fathers unless they are married to the childs mother, or where the childs birth is jointly registered. Furthermore, if parents are separated, consent from only one parent is necessary. However to comply only with these requirements would be unethical as ethical guidelines require researchers to consider both parents and in situations where parents are not in agreement, then researchers must comply with the wishes of the parent who provides the day-to-day responsibility for the child. In such cases if the parent who is against the research being carried out is the parent who does not have day-today responsibility, they can legally prevent the research from taking place by going to court. Additionally, when gaining consent, methodological issues have to be considered such as how to esta blish the marital status of the parent, as it would be unethical and possibly offensive to ask this outright. This example shows that what is legal would not be ethical as there are greater requirements to be met ethically.In addition to gaining legal consent, ethical guidelines state that researchers must also get informed consent; Masson (2004) highlights four areas, which a child must understand before doing so. Firstly, the child needs to be able to differentiate between his/her involvement with the researcher and the involvement they have with other adults, such as teachers. The child must also be made aware that the researcher has no power issues or hold over them and Masson suggested that they interact in some rapport building activities in order to establish this. This is an important part of the research (although time consuming) as it will encourage the child to relax and in turn will obviously benefit the research. Secondly, the child must be aware that the data collected in order that the researcher can understand the particular topic being researched better and thirdly, that no one will make decisions about the child based upon the information which they share with the researcher. The final point Masson made was that the child must also understand that the researcher cannot take action that would alter the childs life in any way due to their involvement in the research. It is important that as far as possible, informed consent be given from the participants themselves and without it; the validity of their research may be called into question.One research paper where the legal requirements of research with children and young people were clearly adhered to but where it was obvious that ethical requirements went much further was Aldgate and Bradleys (2004). Legal consent was gained from both parent and social workers but Aldgate and Bradleys took the necessary ethical step obtaining informed consent from the children themselves.This was not the case in Suttons (2004) paper, where although he gained legal consent we can surmise that he failed to get informed consent from the children from the fact he states in the commentary that he asked the teachers not to tell the children why he was present in their class.Similarly, although Thorne (2004) gained legal consent from the school she failed to gain informed consent from the children themselves, which is clear from the fact that during her research, one child asked her if she was recording bad behaviour to report them. These examples show that although both the researchers followed legal requirements, this was not necessarily ethical as they failed to gain informed consent from the children themselves.In Focus clip 4 (EK310 FOCUS II clip 4 The strange situation), Ainsworth studied the attachment bond between a mother and her child during an episode where the mother leaves the child with a stranger and then on her own in a room. Although legal consent would be gained before the mot her and child entered into the experiment, informed consent of the child can obviously not be gained due to the age and lack of competency in the child. In this case, ethically researchers should always make sure to acknowledge signs of assent in the child and halt procedures immediately.One other important legal aspect surrounding research is that of confidentiality, which applies to adults and to children who are mature enough to give consent themselves. However for those children who are too young or lacking in maturity, parents or other gatekeepers legally have the right to the information that has been gained from the child.Carrying out these legal requirements alone is unsatisfactory, as ethical requirements stipulate that researchers must go further by protecting the confidentiality of all participants, even small children. An example of this was evident in Aldgate and Bradleys (2004) paper, where the researchers made the participants aware that information given to them woul d be kept in confidence although they also made it clear that the children were free to discuss anything should they wish to do so with their parents or other gatekeeper. In Audio band 3, (06:28) Masson states that when carrying out individual interviews, for example with family members, it is useful to have separate interviewers so that researchers are honestly unable to repeat information they have received should they be asked.Legal and ethical issues overlap to an extent regarding confidentiality for example when issues of abuse come to light. Today, in the United Kingdom, there is no legal requirement to report abuse, although many local authorities have child protection procedures and professional codes of conduct, which require their employees to do so. Furthermore, if employees fail to report abuse, they run the risk of disciplinary action or having their employment terminated. Ethically, when researchers are seeking informed consent, they must inform participants that confi dentiality has limits in areas such as these. This is one area where all that is legal is ethical when issues of abuse are brought to court; researchers are required legally as well as ethically to divulge this information.One other important aspect of confidentiality where all that is legal is also ethical is that of anonymity. Legally, researchers are required by the Data protection Act to protect the anonymity and identity of the participants. When discussing matters of bullying with teachers, Sutton (2004) was careful to keep confidentiality by raising these issues in general terms without mentioning the children by name. The legal requirements for this aspect of confidentiality also fulfil ethical requirements sufficiently as researchers have an ethical duty to protect the anonymity of their participants, which is important in childrens cases should the school wish to read the post-research report. This can be overcome by using pseudonyms as was seen in Takeis (2001) research w ith young babies and changing place names which Aldgate and Bradley (2004) did in order to protect the identity of the four councils in their research.The final area I shall consider is the researchers responsibility towards the children and young people involved in the research. There are three concepts, which Alderson (2004), highlights as being important for researchers to consider when carrying out research with children respect, rights, and achieving the best outcomes. It is only right that researchers should respect the time children have spent taking part in their research, and in Audio band 3, (15:50) Masson suggested one way to do this to pay them some money. In order for this not to become an incentive however, this should be offered after the research. This raises ethical issues such as the fact there could be a risk that young people might spend this money on alcohol or drugs, and this could be encouraging them to break the law. One useful suggestion made by Alderson (a udio band 3) was to give vouchers as a token of appreciation to overcome this.As well as having the right to be respected, children also have the right to protection. This means that researchers are held accountable for any physical injuries, which the child might sustain in the course of the research. Children also have the right to be protected from harm, and legal checks are in place for this such as the Criminal Bureau Register (CRB) in order to gain access to schools and such likes which researchers should fulfil before carrying out research. In this respect all that is legal is ethical as researchers also have an ethical duty to protect their participants.Due to the nature of their research, Aldgate and Bradley (2004) had to have a Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) check in order to gain access to the children. The ethical requirements in this situation are similar as researchers are also expected to protect participants from harm, which involves amongst other things, taking care when choosing the location and insisting that participants be chaperoned during the process. In audio band 3, (20:02) Olsen suggested interviewing children in a neutral place such as McDonalds where they may feel more free to say what they want, and in addition to protecting the children, it also offers protection for the researcher from accusations of abuse.The above issues should be carefully considered whilst trying to ascertain whether carrying out the research outweighs any harm children might come to either during or as a result of the research this is known as Aldersons (2004) best outcome.These requirements did not seem to be met in Ainsworths research The strange situation shown on Focus clip 4 (EK310 FOCUS II) where the child appears to become distressed, whereupon the researcher should have been legally and ethically bound to stop the experiment. Although of course, the point of this experiment was to examine the distress level itself it must be considered that causing d istress, even for a short period of time, whether the child will remember it or not is unethical. Furthermore, it is likely that similar information could be gained from examining children left in childcare establishments from a young age perhaps whilst mothers were returning to work. One further point with regards to the Strange Situation which shows that all that is legal is not necessarily ethical is that the researcher treated the child as an object, rather than a subject or participant. This shows how the strange situation, although legal was certainly by no means ethical.One other area where the researcher has responsibility is with regards to issues of abuse. Although legally, there is nothing to prevent them from counselling a child, ethically this would be unacceptable. Researchers must be aware that their role is limited to that of researcher and keep in mind that children have the right to the best possible care, which means directing children to professional agencies equ ipped to deal with issues such as this.These issues were considered by Sutton (2004) who was aware of limits in his role of researcher and did not attempt to counsel any children, but rather directed any upset children to a third party who had specific training. However, one dubious aspect revealed in his paper was where he shared his concern that some of the children may have been experiencing repercussions as a result of the research and although not legally he was not required to half the research, ethically he would have been required to do so.By examining issues such as consent, confidentiality and the researchers responsibility towards participants, this essay has shown that all that is legal is not always necessarily ethical as ethics often make further demands of researchers. When conducting research, legally consent has to be gained from one parent only, which is insufficient to fulfil ethical requirements. Furthermore, the ethics that govern researchers state that not only must consent be obtained from the parent, but researchers must extend this and where possible obtain informed consent from the children themselves. However this is not always possible, so researchers must be alert to signs of assent and halt the procedure immediately, which highlights that to simply comply with legal requirements would not be good ethical practice.I also looked at the researchers responsibility towards the child, which again demonstrates that legal requirements do not fulfill what is necessarily ethical. It is not illegal for researchers to counsel distressed children, but it is certainly unethical, as ethically researchers must recognize that their role has limits and that the child has the right to the best possible care. It can be said therefore in conclusion that there are certain situations where all that is legal is not necessarily ethical but one should take into consideration that both laws and ethics in the UK are continually being reviewed and are changin g.

Man Caused Environmental Problem essays

Man Caused Environmental Problem essays Air pollution and air quality has been a topic of concern for decades in the United States. While great progress has been made toward cleaning up our air, there is still much left to do to make air quality healthful for the country's citizens. These experts note, "The United States has achieved remarkable progress in reducing air pollution since the Clean Air Act was established in 1970" (Mangun and Henning 229). However, most large cities still experience many days each year where air quality is unhealthful, and these days can lead to health and breathing problems for What causes air pollution' One of the major causes of unhealthy air is automobile emissions, and emissions from factories, power plants, and other industries. Fossil fuels are one of the biggest problems in controlling air pollution. Industries and homes that burn fossil fuels also contaminate the atmosphere, and these fuels must be replaced with cleaner technologies, such as solar and wind power, and other forms of power that are less costly in monetary and air pollution terms. The remainder of these dirty fuels accumulates in the atmosphere. Often they are invisible, but more often, when the accumulate in enough numbers; they become the glaze of smog that hangs over most large cities in the United States. In times of temperature inversion, when heat rises and traps colder air underneath, air pollution and ozone emissions can be trapped in valleys, creating a dangerous situation for the area's air quality. As the Utah Air Quality Web site notes, "Ozone is an invisible gas caused by vehicle emissions in the presence of sunlight and hot temperatures. [] Continued exposure to ozone can cause breathing problems, reduce lung function, irritate eyes and nasal passages and reduce resistance to colds and other infections" ("Air Quality"). Poor air quality can also exacerbate existing condit...

Week 3 Discussion-Environmental Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week 3 Discussion-Environmental - Essay Example These rod - like spores are resistant to heat and a capable of surviving in foods that are poorly processed due to the neuro- toxins present in them. Botulism in humans is caused by the A, B, E and F types based on their antigenic specificity. Food-borne botulism also called food poisoning occurs due to the ingestion of certain foods that contain potent neuro-toxin produced by the growth of the spores. Though the incidence of botulism is reported to be low, yet on a global level it is a cause of great concern due to the high mortality rate when not treated promptly and properly. canned foods, if not properly and adequately processed could easily lead to botulism. Even commercially processed foods such as seafood products, meat products, sausages and canned fruits and vegetables are potent carriers for human botulism. The symptoms related to food borne botulism, occurs within 18 to 36 hours of ingesting contaminated food filled with toxins. It begins with a marked lassitude, difficulty in swallowing and speaking, general weakness and vertigo. This is followed by a severe abdominal cramping and distention with constipation and a weakening of the muscles. Thereafter, the Botulinum toxin spreads through the body causing flaccid paralysis by inhibiting all the motor nerve terminals of the myoneural junction. The paralysis progresses downwards after beginning with the eyes, face and throat and moves towards the extremities. Botulism becomes life threatening when it encompasses the diaphragm and chest muscles because respiration becomes inhibited and asphyxia results causing death. To prevent these early interventions of administering botulinal antitoxin in compliance with supportive intensive care is the only answer. Detection and identification of the actual source of outbreak is imperative in order to render the right treatment. This organism with its spores are abundantly distributed in nature too in soils and sediments, lakes streams